BIOXYTRAN, INC. (OTCQB: BIXT) (the “Company”), a clinical stage biotechnology company developing oral and intravenous drugs to treat viral diseases, fibrosis, stroke, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease, announced its preprint article titled “Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): Prospects for Galectin-3 Modulation to Increase Objective Response Rate (ORR) and Remission-free Survival in Oncology Patients” (the “Article”) authored by Dr. Adesuyi Ajayi, Dr. David Platt, and Andrew Blumenthal. The preprint reviews detailed theories regarding the resistance to ICI therapy and how galectin-3 contributes to resistance.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): Prospects for Galectin-3 Modulation to Increase Objective Response Rate (ORR) and Remission-free Survival in Oncology Patients
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31077.31202

The Article discusses the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment and explores how galectin-3 modulation might enhance ICI effectiveness. It highlights the importance of overcoming resistance to ICIs and improving patient outcomes by targeting galectin-3, which could increase the objective response rate (ORR) and remission-free survival in oncology patients. Galectin-3 is also a powerful predictive biomarker of ICI failure in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) where 90% of patients with high galectin-3 levels failed to see their cancer shrink after 3 treatments. The Article also determined that low to moderate galectin-3 expression in the tumor correlated strongly with a positive response to ICI therapy.

ICI resistance due to galectin-3 in the tumor microenvironment is also due to the galectin-3 glycoprotein occupying the antibody’s PD-1 receptor binding site. This was confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance (a technique used to study the interactions between molecules by detecting changes in the refractive index near a sensor surface) - and cyrogenic electron microscopy. The galectin-3 protein binds in such a way that it prevents ICI’s from binding to PD-1. This leaves the receptor open to PD-L1 binding which switches off the T-Cells. In vitro tests show that galectin-3 antagonists could reverse this effect.

The Company also published its cancer metastasis presentation titled “Galectin Antagonists in Cancer.” The presentation goes over the various ways that cancer tricks the immune system and the current modalities being used to fight cancer. The “Galectin Effect” was highlighted as cancers primary defense mechanism to downregulate and cloak the cancer from immune response. Shortcomings in current treatments are addressed as well as innovative approaches to address the deficiencies. The heart of the presentation shows that galectins play a key role in the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and immune suppression. Galectin antagonists may hold the key to overcoming these effects and improve efficacy of other cancer treatments.

Galectin Antagonists in Cancer
https://tinyurl.com/bdcth9j2

"The magnitude of this breakthrough in cancer research cannot be overstated," said Dr. David Platt, CEO of Bioxytran Inc. "Our findings herald a significant shift in cancer treatment paradigms. We've developed a robust theory of cancer and metastasis, identifying Galectin-3 as a pivotal driver of disease progression. This finding elucidates the variable responses in immunotherapy and the development of resistance in other cancer treatments. With over 4,000 peer-reviewed articles examining the role of galectins in cancer, one consensus is clear: they must be inhibited. Our team has synthesized this extensive body of research into the core insights presented in our preprint and cancer presentation. The data unequivocally supports the finding that combining galectin-3 antagonists can significantly enhance treatment response rates."